Amahano yakozwe n’abakoloni b’ababiligi mu Rwanda, u Burundi na RDC

Mu mateka y’ibihugu bya Afurika y’ibiyaga bigari, u Rwanda, u Burundi na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), harangwa ibihe bikomeye by’akarengane n’ihohoterwa ryakozwe n’abakoloni b’Ababiligi. Ayo mahano, yagiye asiga ibikomere bikomeye ku baturage, ndetse n’ubu haracyakorwa ubushakashatsi n’ibikorwa byo gusaba ubutabera ku byabaye.

Kuva mu 1885 kugeza mu 1908, Umwami Leopold II w’u Bubiligi yayoboye Congo nk’umutungo we bwite, yita igihugu “Congo Free State”. Muri icyo gihe, abaturage ba Congo bahatiwe gukora imirimo y’agahato, cyane cyane mu gusarura latex (caoutchouc), aho abatarageraga ku bipimo byagenwe bahanwaga bikomeye, harimo gukatwa intoki, gukubitwa no kwicwa. Ibi bikorwa by’iyicarubozo byateje impfu z’abantu bagerwa ku mamiliyoni, nk’uko abashakashatsi benshi babigaragaza .

Mu gihe cy’ubukoloni, abana bavutse ku babyeyi b’Ababiligi n’abagore b’Abanyafurika, bise “métis”, baratandukanijwe n’ababyeyi babo b’Abanyafurika, bagashyirwa mu bigo by’abihayimana, aho bakuriraga mu buzima bwo guhezwa no kubuzwa uburenganzira bwabo. Mu 2019, Leta y’u Bubiligi yasabye imbabazi ku byabaye, ariko ntihagira indishyi zitangwa. Gusa, mu 2024, urukiko i Bruxelles rwemeje ko ibyo bikorwa ari ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, rutegeka ko Leta y’u Bubiligi iha indishyi y’amayero 50,000 kuri buri umwe mu bagore batanu bareze Leta kubera ibyo bikorwa .

Mu Rwanda no mu Burundi, Ababiligi bashyizeho politiki zishingiye ku bwoko, bashyigikira inyigisho z’ivangura zishingiye ku nyito za “Hutu”, “Tutsi” na “Twa”. Bashingiye ku nyigisho z’ivangura z’Abadage, Ababiligi bemeje ko Abatutsi ari bo bafite ubushobozi bwo kuyobora, bagashyiraho politiki zibogamiye ku Batutsi, bituma habaho urwikekwe n’amacakubiri hagati y’amoko. Ibi byaje gutera ingaruka zikomeye, zirimo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994, aho Abatutsi barenga miliyoni bishwe mu gihe cy’amezi atatu .

Kugeza ubu, haracyakorwa ibikorwa byo gusaba Leta y’u Bubiligi kwemera uruhare rwayo mu byaha byakozwe mu gihe cy’ubukoloni, ndetse no gutanga indishyi ku bahohotewe. Abashakashatsi n’abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu basaba ko amateka y’ubukoloni yigishwa mu mashuri, kugira ngo abato bamenye amateka y’ibihugu byabo, ndetse n’ingaruka z’ubukoloni ku mibereho y’abaturage.

Ibi bikorwa byose bigamije gukira ibikomere by’amateka mabi, no kubaka ejo hazaza h’ubwiyunge n’iterambere rirambye mu bihugu by’Afurika y’Ibiyaga Bigari.