What you should know about the male genital organ without having to ask

The male reproductive organ has been metaphorically placed “on the table” for examination by Professor Kimassoum Rimtebaye, head of the Urology Department at the N’Djamena General Hospital. As a seasoned surgeon and expert in urological health, he shares essential knowledge about the male penis its functions, development, and related health concerns.

What is the average size of the penis?

The penis, like other parts of the body, undergoes gradual development from infancy through childhood and adolescence until full physical maturity is reached. As such, there is no universally fixed length for the male organ. Generally, in its flaccid (non-erect) state, the penis measures between 6 and 10 centimeters in length.

However, during an erection, the penis becomes longer and thicker, though the degree of change varies significantly from one individual to another. For some, the length increases by only 2 cm, while for others, it may increase by 6 cm or even 8 cm sometimes doubling in size.

Is there medical treatment to enlarge the penis?

Yes, certain medical interventions can increase the size of the penis—but these are only appropriate under specific medical conditions, particularly in children whose genitalia are underdeveloped for their age.

These treatments often involve hormone-based therapy, especially in cases where the body is not producing sufficient hormones for normal sexual development. In such cases, a child may receive a series of injections—typically five—after which doctors assess any changes in size. If the penis reaches a normal size for the child’s age, the treatment is discontinued, as extended hormone therapy can negatively affect the development of other body parts.

These procedures are most effective during early development. Once a person reaches full maturity, such medical enlargement is no longer viable.

Can a man enhance his sexual performance?

Many men seek help for common issues like erectile dysfunction. However, identifying the root cause is crucial before prescribing any form of treatment. Without a proper diagnosis, using performance-enhancing drugs can have serious health consequences.

Take, for instance, a man with an undiagnosed heart condition who takes Viagra a drug meant to improve erectile function. In such a case, the drug could trigger cardiac arrest. Likewise, if a man has an undiagnosed prostate issue, stimulant medications can worsen the condition and potentially trigger or accelerate prostate cancer.

Erectile dysfunction treatment must therefore be approached with caution. If a man develops urinary retention due to prostate enlargement, he may eventually suffer kidney failure (renal insufficiency).

Can overuse of stimulants lead to premature death?

Indeed. If medications like Viagra are used not for medical reasons but to impress a partner or to achieve multiple ejaculations in one night, the risks increase dramatically. Frequent or reckless use of these drugs can lead to heart complications.

People often underestimate the physical effort involved in sexual activity. Reaching orgasm during sex is equivalent to walking 16 kilometers. That alone is a sign of how demanding it is on the body.

Are there health benefits to male circumcision?

Circumcision can reduce but not eliminate the risk of sexually transmitted infections. It also lowers the likelihood of penile skin cancer. In regions where circumcision is culturally prevalent, such cancers are relatively rare.

But what about the benefits of keeping the foreskin?

There is a condition where the opening of the urethra becomes too tight, causing urination difficulties. In such cases, surgery may be required to remove the obstructing tissue often part of the foreskin. Ironically, this same foreskin plays a role in protecting against that very condition.

That’s why in Europe, where nearly 80% of men are uncircumcised, foreskin hygiene is emphasized. By gently pulling back the foreskin and cleaning it regularly, men maintain both cleanliness and protection. For them, keeping the foreskin serves a useful medical and protective purpose.

Is there a link between sexual activity and prostate cancer?

In short, no. Though questions are often raised about whether frequent sexual activity causes prostate cancer, current medical evidence shows no correlation. These are two entirely separate health concerns.

Can the penis fracture? What causes it and how is it treated?

Yes, penile fractures do occur. They often present with an audible “crack” or snapping sound, followed by a sudden change in shape, loss of erection, and intense pain.

If any of these symptoms are observed, urgent medical attention is required. Surgery is necessary to remove clotted blood and repair torn tissue using fine surgical sutures. When performed promptly, full recovery is possible.

If left untreated, the blood clots harden and lead to long-term erectile dysfunction. In the end, the penis may no longer function sexually and may only serve its role in urination.