Ingufu za kera mu Burayi zigiye guhindurwa ibigo by’ikoranabuhanga kubera izamuka rya AI

Amashanyarazi ya kera akoresha amakara n’inyongeramusaruro ya gazi mu Burayi ari kuganirwaho nk’ubushya bwo guhindurwa ibigo by’amakuru (data centres), mu gihe uruganda rwa mudasobwa n’ubwenge buhangure (AI) rukomeje gutera imbere rukeneye cyane umuriro n’amazi.

Abakomeye mu ikoranabuhanga nka Microsoft na Amazon barimo kureba uburyo aya mashini ya kera yakongera kubyazwa umusaruro, bayahindura ibigo by’amakuru byiteguye gukoresha insinga zayo z’umuriro n’ibikoresho by’amazi bisanzwe bihari.

Amahirwe ku masosiyete y’ingufu

Sosiyete z’energi nka Engie (u Bufaransa), RWE (u Budage) na Enel (u Butaliyani) ziri kubona amahirwe mashya mu guhindura izi nganda zishaje ibigo by’ikoranabuhanga, aho zishobora gukura inyungu mu masezerano y’igihe kirekire yo guha amashanyarazi abashoramari mu ikoranabuhanga, ndetse zikishyura igihombo cyo gufunga inganda zishaje.

Uretse ibyo, izi nganda zishobora gutera inkunga imishinga mishya y’ingufu zisubira ku buryo zizaba zunguka mu gihe kirekire.

Bobby Hollis, Umuyobozi ushinzwe ingufu muri Microsoft, yagize ati:

“Aha hantu harimo ibikenewe byose – imiyoboro y’amazi, uburyo bwo gukoresha ubushyuhe bwatakaye… byose birahari.”

Lindsay McQuade, Umuyobozi wa Amazon muri EMEA, yongeyeho ko kubaka ibigo by’amakuru ku nganda zishaje bizajya byihuta, kuko byinshi mu bikorwaremezo by’ibanze byamaze kubakwa.

Isoko rishya ry’ingufu

Abakora mu rwego rwa data centre barimo bishyura amafaranga arenzeho ku kWh kugira ngo babone amashanyarazi adafite ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Gregory LeBourg, umuyobozi muri sosiyete y’u Bufaransa OVH, yavuze ko iri denge rishobora kugera kuri euro 20 kuri MW/h.

Nk’uko imibare ya Reuters ibigaragaza, ibi bishobora kuvamo amasezerano y’igihe kirekire afite agaciro ka miliyoni cyangwa miliyari z’amayero, bitewe n’ingano y’ingufu ikenewe.

Hari n’icyerekezo gishya cyitwa “Energy Park”, aho ikigo cy’amakuru cyajya gihuzwa n’ingufu zishya zisubira, kikaba gikoreshwa n’urugomero gusa mu bihe byihutirwa.

Guhindura ahashaje amahirwe mashya

Engie irateganya gukuba kabiri ubushobozi bwayo bw’ingufu zisubira n’ubw’amashanyarazi abikwa mu mabateri kugeza mu 2030, ivuye kuri 52.7 GW. Yagaragaje ahantu 40 ku isi yashobora guhindurwa ibigo by’amakuru, birimo n’icyahoze ari uruganda rwa Hazelwood muri Australia rufunze mu 2017.

Izindi sosiyete nka EDP (Portugal), EDF (u Bufaransa) na Enel na zo ziri gushyira ku isoko inganda za kera zishobora guhindurwa ibigo by’amakuru.

Michael Kruse wo muri Arthur D. Little yagize ati:

“Ni uburyo bwo guhindura ubucuruzi no gushaka andi masoko y’inyungu.”

“Speed to Power”: Umuvuduko ni wo byose

Ikintu gikurura abakora mu ikoranabuhanga ni umuvuduko. Gutegereza kwemererwa guhuza insinga z’umuriro bishobora gufata imyaka irenga 10 mu Burayi, mu gihe guhindura inganda zishaje bishobora gutanga umuriro n’amazi vuba.

Tom Glover wo muri JLL, ikigo gishinzwe imitungo, yavuze ko bari gukora ku mishinga irimo icyahoze ari uruganda rwa kera mu Budage rugashobora kwakira data centre ya 2.5 GW, ndetse n’indi mishinga ine mu Bwongereza.

No mu Bwongereza, Drax irimo gushaka umufatanyabikorwa mu kigo cyahoze gikora ku makara muri Yorkshire, aho hari ibikoresho byo gukonjesha amazi bitarakoreshwa kandi hashobora gutangirwa umuriro utazajya unyura ku muyoboro mugari.

EDF na yo yamaze gutoranya abashoramari ku masite abiri y’inganda za gazi mu Bufaransa.

Sam Huntington wo muri S&P Global Commodity Insights asobanura ko ibigo by’ikoranabuhanga byiteguye kwishyura menshi ku mishinga ishobora gutangira vuba.

Ati:

“Icyo twumva kenshi ni ‘speed to power’ – ni ukuvuga kwihutisha kubona umuriro.”