Mujica Perezida wa mbere w’umukene: Ni muntu ki?

José Alberto “Pepe” Mujica Cordano  (20 Gicurasi1935 – 13 Gicurasi2025)

Ni Umunyapolitiki wo mu gihugu cya Uruguay, Impirimbanyi y’Impinduramatwara, umuhinzi mworozi wabaye Perezida wa mirongo 40 w’icyo gihugu kuva mu mwaka wa 2010 kugeza mu mwaka 2015.

Yahoze ari inyeshyamba yo mu mutwe witwa Tupamaros, aza gufatwa arafungwa ndetse akorerwa iyica rubozo mu gihe kingana n’imyaka 14 ku butegetsi bw’igitugu bw’igisirikare mu myaka yo hagati 1970 na 1980. Umwe mu bari bagize ihuriro “Broad Front ” Mujica yari Minisitiri ushinzwe ubuhinzi n’uburobyi kuva mu mwaka wa 2005 kugeza muri 2008 nyuma ndetse aza kuba Senateri. Nk’umukandida wa Broad Front yatsinze amatora yo kuba Perezida mu 2009 yicara mu biro nk’umukuru w’igihugu tariki ya 1 Werurwe 2010.

Ubuyobozi bwa Mujica bwashyize mu bikorwa politiki zitandukanye zigenda zitera imbere, harimo guca burundu icyaha cyo gukuramo inda, kwemeza kunywa urumogi no kwemeza abashakanye bahuje ibitsina. Ingamba z’inyongera zashimangiye ihuriro ry’abakozi kandi ryongera umushahara muto.

Mu gihe yari ku butegetsi, Mujica yavuzweho kuba “perezida ukennye cyane ku isi” kubera imibereho ye ikaze ndetse akaba yaratanze hafi 90 ku ijana y’umushahara we w’amadolari y’Amerika 12,000 buri kwezi ku miryango nterankunga ifasha abantu batishoboye ndetse na ba rwiyemezamirimo bato. Yamaganaga byimazeyo amatawara ya “capitalism” yibanda ku guhunika ibintu bidafite uruhare mu byishimo bya muntu.

Ubuzima bwa mbere n’uburere (amashuri)
José Alberto Mujica Cordano yavutse ku ya 20 Gicurasi 1935 mu gace ka Paso de la Arena ka Montevideo kwa Demetrio Mujica Terra na Lucy Cordano Giorello. Demetrio yakomokaga mu muryango wa Basque wo muri Esipanye wageze muri Uruguay mu 1842. Binyuze kuri nyirakuru ubyara sekuru, Mujica ni mwene wabo wa kure w’abanyapolitiki benshi bakomeye bo muri Uruguay, barimo Gabriel Terra, wabaye perezida wa 26 w’icyo gihugu hagati ya 1931 na 1938. Ababyeyi ba Demetrio bari bafite imitungo myinshi y’ubuhinzi.

Baganira yakoreshwaga imyitozo y’abasirikare kugira ngo barwanye imyigaragambyo iyobowe n’umuyobozi w’impinduramatwara Aparicio Saravia. Umuhinzi wabigize umwuga, Demetrio yahombye mbere gato y’urupfu rwe mu 1940 ubwo José yari afite imyaka itanu. Lucy yavukiye i Carmelo abimukira b’Abataliyani bakennye baturutse i Liguria, bakomoka muri komine ya Favale di Malvaro mu cyahoze ari intara ya Genoa. Amaze kuvuka, ababyeyi be bari baraguze hegitari 2 (hegitari 4,9) muri Colonia Estrella, umujyi muto mu ishami rya Koloniya, kugira ngo bahinge imizabibu. Se yari umunyamwete mu ishyaka ry’igihugu akaba n’umuyoboke wa Herrerism, kandi yatoranijwe inshuro nyinshi nka alderman wa Koloniya maze amenyana cyane na Luis Alberto de Herrera.

Mujica amaze kurangiza amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye, yiyandikishije mu kigo cya Alfredo Vásquez Acevedo mu ishuri rye rya kaminuza, ariko ntiyarangiza. Kuva ku ya 13 kugeza ku ya 17, yari umukinnyi w’amagare mu makipe menshi mu byiciro bitandukanye.

Nyirarume wa Mujica, Ángel Cordano, yari umwe mu bari bagize Ishyaka ry’igihugu kandi yagize uruhare rukomeye mu ishyirwaho rya politiki rya Mujica. Mu 1956, Mujica yahuye n’umunyapolitiki Enrique Erro abinyujije kuri nyina, wari umurwanyi mu murenge umwe. Kuva icyo gihe, Mujica yatangiye gushyigikira ishyaka ry’igihugu, amaherezo aba umunyamabanga mukuru.

Ishyaka ry’igihugu ryatsindiye imyanya myinshi muri sena mu gihe cy’amatora rusange yo mu 1958, Erro agirwa Minisitiri w’umurimo, akora kuva 1959 kugeza 1960, Mujica amuherekeza, nubwo atabaye umuyobozi muri minisiteri. Mu 1962, Erro na Mujica bombi bavuye mu Ishyaka ry’igihugu bashinga Unión Popular, ishyaka ry’ibumoso, ku bufatanye n’ishyaka rya Gisosiyalisiti. Mu matora yo mu 1962, batoye Emilio Frugoni nk’umukandida wabo ku mwanya wa perezida, ariko batsinzwe n’amajwi 2.3% gusa.

Guerrilla
Mu myaka ya za 60 rwagati, Mujica yinjiye mu mutwe mushya wa MLN-Tupamaros, umutwe wa politiki w’ibumoso witwaje intwaro wahumetswe na n’impinduramatwara yo muri Cuba. Yagize uruhare mu kwigarurira igihe gito 1969 Pando, umujyi wegereye Montevideo, ayoboye imwe mu makipe atandatu yibasiye ibice by’umujyi. Ikipe ya Mujica yashinjwaga gufata telefone kandi ni yo yonyine yarangije icyo gikorwa nta makosa. Muri Werurwe 1970, Mujica yakomeretse bikabije ubwo yangaga gutabwa muri yombi mu kabari ka Montevideo; abapolisi babiri na we araswa inshuro esheshatu. Umuganga ubaga ahamagawe mu bitaro yarokoye ubuzima bwe. Tupamaros yavuze ko umuganga wabagaga yari Tupamaro yahamagawe rwihishwa niyo mpamvu ubuzima bwe bwarokowe. Mubyukuri, umuganga yakurikizaga gusa imyitwarire isanzwe y’ubuvuzi. Muri icyo gihe, perezida wa Uruguay yari Jorge Pacheco Areco utavugwaho rumwe, wahagaritse ingwate zimwe na zimwe zishingiye ku itegekonshinga kugira imvururu z’Abakomunisiti zihoshwe.

Mujica yafashwe n’abayobozi inshuro enye. Yari mu barwanyi ba Tupamaros barenga 100 batorotse gereza ya Punta Carretas muri Nzeri 1971, acukura umuyoboro uva muri gereza werekeza mu cyumba cyo kuraramo cy’urugo rwegereye. Mujica yongeye gufatwa nyuma y’ukwezi kumwe nyuma yo gutoroka, ariko yongera gutoroka Punta Carretas na none muri Mata 1972. Icyo gihe we hamwe n’abandi bantu bagera ku icumi bahunze batoroka batwaye imbaho ​​z’ibimuga zitemewe munsi y’umwobo wacukuwe na Tupamaros avuye hanze ya gereza. Yongeye gufatwa bwa nyuma mu 1972, adashobora kwanga gutabwa muri yombi. Mu mezi yakurikiyeho, igihugu cyagize igitero cya gisirikare cyo mu 1973. Hagati aho, Mujica n’abandi umunani Tupamaros batoranijwe cyane cyane kugira ngo bagume mu maboko ya gisirikare kandi mu bihe bibi. Muri rusange, yamaze imyaka 13 mu bunyage. Mu myaka ya za 1970 na 1980, gufungirwa mu nsi y’amazi y’ibiziba, yuhira ifarashi mu myaka irenga ibiri. Igihe yari muri gereza, Mujica yagize ibibazo byinshi by’ubuzima, cyane cyane ibibazo byo mu mutwe. Nubwo bagenzi be babiri ba hafi, Eleuterio Fernández Huidobro na Mauricio Rosencof, akenshi bashoboye kuvugana, ntibakunze kuzana Mujica mu kiganiro. Ku bwa Mujica ubwe, icyo gihe yari afite uburibwe bwo kumva ndetse n’ubundi burwayi bwa paranoia.

Mu 1985 nyuma ya demokarasi ishingiye ku itegekonshinga, Mujica yararekuwe hashingiwe ku itegeko ry’imbabazi ryerekeye ibyaha bya gisirikare bifitanye isano n’ibikorwa bya gisirikare byakozwe kuva mu 1962. Nyuma y’imyaka itari mike nyuma yo kugarura demokarasi, Mujica na Tupamaros benshi bifatanije n’indi miryango y’ibumoso gushinga umutwe w’ishyaka rya rubanda (MPP), ishyaka rya politiki ryemewe mu ihuriro ry’umuryango mugari.

Imirimo ye ya mbere no kwiyamamaza kuba perezida (2009)

Mu matora rusange yo mu 1994, Mujica yatorewe kuba depite naho mu matora yo mu 1999 atorerwa kuba senateri. Bitewe n’a charisma ya’umuhate wa Mujica, MPP yakomeje kwiyongera mu kwamamara no mu majwi, kandi mu 2004, yari imaze kuba itsinda rinini muri Broad Front. Mu matora y’uwo mwaka, Mujica yongeye gutorerwa kuba muri Sena, maze MPP ibona amajwi arenga 300.000, bityo ishimangira umwanya wayo nk’umutwe wa politiki ukomeye mu ihuriro ry’ingabo n’ingufu zikomeye zatsinze umukandida wa perezida Tabaré Vázquez. Ku ya 1 Werurwe 2005, Vázquez yashyizeho Mujica nka Minisitiri w’ubworozi, ubuhinzi n’uburobyi (Mujica we ubwe yari afite mu nshingano urwego rw’ubuhinzi). Mujica amaze kuba minisitiri, yeguye ku mirimo ye yo kuba senateri. Yakomeje uyu mwanya kugeza igihe abaminisitiri bahindutse mu 2008, igihe yeguye maze asimburwa na Ernesto Agazzi. Mujica yahise asubira ku cyicaro cye muri Sena.

Minisitiri Mujica (iruhande rwa Tabaré Vázquez, ibumoso) mu nama na George W. Bush mu 2007

Kwiyamamaza kwa perezida 2009
N’ubwo Perezida Vázquez yashyigikiye Minisitiri w’imari Danilo Astori nk’umukandida ku mwanya wa perezida w’umuryango mugari wahoze uhuriweho kugira ngo amusimbure mu mwaka wa 2010, ubujurire bwa Mujica no gushyigikirwa mu ishyaka byateje ikibazo perezida. Ku ya 14 Ukuboza 2008, ikoraniro ry’ishyaka ryihariye ryatangaje ko Mujica nk’umukandida wemewe w’umuryango mugari w’amatora y’ibanze yo mu 2009, ariko abandi bakandida bane bemerewe kwitabira, barimo Astori. Ku ya 28 Kamena 2009, Mujica yatsinze amatora y’ibanze kugira ngo abe umukandida wa perezida wa Broad Front mu matora ya perezida wa 2009. Nyuma yibyo, Astori yemeye kumubera umukunzi. Ubukangurambaga bwabo bwari bushingiye ku gitekerezo cyo gukomeza no kurushaho kunoza politiki y’ubuyobozi bukunzwe cyane bwa Vázquez, bakoresheje interuro Un gobierno honrado, un país de primera (“Guverinoma yubahwa, igihugu cyo mu rwego rwa mbere”) – yerekeza ku buryo butaziguye ibibazo bya ruswa y’ubutegetsi muri guverinoma yahoze ari umukandida ukomeye w’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, Luis Alberto Lacalle. Mu gihe cyo kwiyamamaza, Mujica yitandukanije n’imiyoborere y’abaperezida nka Hugo Chávez wo muri Venezuwela cyangwa Evo Morales wo muri Boliviya, avuga ko guverinoma y’ibumoso hagati yo muri Bresil, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva cyangwa Michelle Bachelet w’abasosiyalisiti bo muri Chili ari urugero rw’akarere yatangamo urugero rw’ubuyobozi bwe. Mujica uzwiho imyambarire idasanzwe, Mujica yambaraga ikositimu (nta karuvati) kugira ngo ahagarare mu kwiyamamaza kwa perezida, cyane cyane ubwo yasuraga abakuru b’ibihugu bo mu karere.

Mu Kwakira 2009, Mujica yatsinze n’amajwi arenga 48 ku ijana ugereranije na 30 ku ijana ku wahoze ari perezida Lacalle, atagera ku bwiganze bw’amajwi asabwa n’itegeko nshinga, mu gihe kimwe anavugurura ubwiganze bw’abadepite bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko umutwe w’abadepite (2010–2015). Ku ya 29 Ugushyingo habaye ikiciro cya kabiri cyo kumenya uwatsinze; ku ya 30 Ugushyingo Mujica yagaragaye nk’uwatsinze, amajwi arenga 52% ku majwi ya Lacalle 43%. Mu ijambo rye rya mbere nka perezida watowe imbere y’imbaga y’abamushyigikiye, Mujica yemeye abanzi be ba politiki maze asaba ubumwe, avuga ko “nta batsinze cyangwa abatsinzwe”. Yongeyeho ko “ari amakosa kwibwira ko imbaraga zituruka hejuru iyo ziva mu mitima ya rubanda (…) byantwaye ubuzima bwanjye bwose kugira ngo menye iki kintu”.

Perezidansi (2010–2015)

Mujica hamwe na Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, muri 2010

Mujica yashyizeho guverinoma igizwe n’abanyapolitiki baturutse mu bice bitandukanye bigize Umuryango mugari, aha agace k’ubukungu abafasha ba visi perezida we Danilo Astori.

Muri Kamena 2012, guverinoma ya Mujica yafashe icyemezo kitavugwaho rumwe kugira ngo yemererwe kugurisha urumogi rugenzurwa na leta muri Uruguay mu rwego rwo kurwanya ibyaha bifitanye isano n’ibiyobyabwenge ndetse n’ibibazo by’ubuzima, anavuga ko abayobozi b’isi bazasabwa kubikora. Mujica yavuze ko mu kugenzura ubucuruzi bwa Uruguay bugera kuri miliyoni 40 z’amadolari ya Amerika ku mwaka mu bucuruzi bwa marijuwana, Leta izayikuraho abacuruza ibiyobyabwenge kandi igabanye amakarito y’ibiyobyabwenge. Leta kandi izashobora gukurikirana abakoresha marijuwana bose mu gihugu kandi igatanga ubuvuzi ku bahohotera cyane, kimwe n’ubuvuzi buhabwa abanywi b’inzoga. Mujica yemeje kandi itegeko ryo gushyingiranwa kw’abahuje ibitsina kandi gukuramo inda byemewe n’amategeko.

Mujica hamwe na Barack Obama muri Oval Office muri 2014

Muri Nzeri 2013, Mujica yagejeje ijambo ku nama ya 68 y’Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye, akoresheje ijambo rirerire ryita ku bantu no ku isi hose. Ijambo ryahamagariye amahanga gushimangira ingufu zo kubungabunga isi ibisekuruza bizaza ndetse anagaragaza imbaraga za sisitemu y’imari n’ingaruka z’ubukungu bwifashe ku baturage basanzwe. Yasabye gusubira mu bworoherane, ubuzima bukaba bushingiye ku mibanire y’abantu, urukundo, ubucuti, amarangamutima, ubufatanye n’umuryango, aho kugira ngo ubuzima bushingiye ku bukungu no ku masoko.

Mujica hamwe na Perezida Serzh Sargsyan wa Armenia muri 2014

Politiki ya Mujica muri rusange yari ijyanye n’ubuyobozi bwabanje. Umugabane w’amafaranga akoreshwa mu mibereho rusange yakoreshejwe muri Leta wazamutse uva kuri 60.9% ugera kuri 75.5% hagati ya 2004 na 2013. Muri iki gihe, umubare w’abashomeri wagumye ku kigero cya 7%, igipimo cy’ubukene mu gihugu cyaragabanutse kiva kuri 18% kigera kuri 9.7% naho umushahara muto wazamutse uva kuri 4.800 peso ugera ku 10.000 (urenze igipimo mpuzandengo cy’ifaranga rya buri mwaka kingana na 7%). Guverinoma ye kandi yashyigikiye gushimangira ihuriro ry’abakozi. Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’abakozi, Uruguay yabaye igihugu cyateye imbere muri Amerika mu bijyanye no kubahiriza “uburenganzira bw’ibanze bw’umurimo, cyane cyane ubwisanzure bwo kwishyira hamwe, uburenganzira bwo guhuriza hamwe n’uburenganzira bwo guhagarika imyigaragambyo”.

Itegeko Nshinga rya Uruguay ntabwo ryemerera abaperezida kwiyamamariza amatora ako kanya; nkibyo, Mujica ntiyashoboye kongera kwiyamamaza mumatora ya 2014. Ku ya 1 Werurwe 2015, manda ya Mujica yo kuba perezida yararangiye. Yasimbuwe na Vázquez, wagarutse ku butegetsi manda ya kabiri idakurikiranye. Nk’uko umunyamakuru wa BBC, Wyre Davies yabitangaje, “Mujica yavuye ku butegetsi afite ubukungu bumeze neza kandi afite umutekano mu mibereho [abaturanyi ba Uruguay] bashoboraga kurota gusa.”

Nyuma ya perezida (2015–2025)
Mujica yakomeje kuba umusenateri nyuma yo kuba perezida kuva mu 2015 kugeza mu 2020. Mbere y’amatora rusange ya 2019, umukandida wa Broad Front Daniel Martínez yabonaga ko Mujica ari amahitamo ashobora kuba Minisitiri w’ubworozi, ubuhinzi n’uburobyi aramutse atorewe kuba perezida.

Ku ya 20 Ukwakira 2020, Mujica yeguye muri Sena – ari kumwe na mugenzi we wahoze ari perezida Julio María Sanguinetti – maze atangaza ko asezeye muri politiki kubera icyorezo cya COVID-19 kandi kubera imyaka ye; Mujica yari afite imyaka 85 igihe yabitangazaga. Icyicaro cye muri Sena cyafashwe na Alejandro Sánchez Pereira.

Imyanya ya politiki
Ingengabitekerezo ya politiki ya Mujica yagiye ihinduka uko imyaka yagiye ihita kuva ortotodogisi ikagera kuri pragmatiste. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, yagaragaje ko yifuza ko hasigara ibumoso bwa politiki bworoshye. Imvugo ye n’imvugo ye yashimwe mu rwego rwo kuba icyamamare cye kuva mu mpera z’imyaka ya za 90, cyane cyane mu byaro no mu bice bikennye by’abaturage. Yavuzwe mu buryo butandukanye nka “antipolitiki” n’umuntu “uvuga ururimi rw’abaturage” ari nako yakira kunengwa kubera amagambo atabigenewe cyangwa adakwiye. Mujica atandukanye na Perezida Vázquez, wahagaritse umushinga w’itegeko washyizweho n’inteko ishinga amategeko izemerera gukuramo inda mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, Mujica yavuze ko biramutse biza imbere ye mu gihe kiri imbere, atazahagarika umushinga w’itegeko. Mu rwego rw’ububanyi n’amahanga, yizeye ko hazakomeza kubaho imishyikirano n’amasezerano hagati y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’umuryango w’ubucuruzi w’akarere ka Mercosur, aho Uruguay ari umunyamuryango washinze. Ku kibazo cy’uruganda rwa Uruguay ruvugwa hagati ya Arijantine na Uruguay, Mujica yiyunze cyane na guverinoma ya Arijantine kurusha ubuyobozi bwahozeho, maze mu 2010 ibihugu byombi birangiza amakimbirane yari amaze igihe kinini maze bishyira umukono ku masezerano asobanura gahunda yo gukurikirana ibidukikije ku ruzi no gushyiraho komisiyo y’ibihugu byombi. Umubano mwiza hagati ya Mujica na mugenzi we wo muri Arijantine Cristina Fernández de Kirchner wafashije mu masezerano. Ibindi bibazo by’ibihugu byombi ntibyakemutse, harimo no gutobora umuyoboro uhuriweho n’ikibaya cy’Uruzi.
Yari hafi ya Perezida wa Venezuwela, Hugo Chávez, we yabonaga ko ari “umutegetsi utanga cyane nigeze kumenya”. Mu mwaka wa 2011, yamaganye ibikorwa bya gisirikare byatangijwe n’ibihugu byinshi byo mu Burengerazuba bwo kurwanya Libiya. Abajijwe ku cyemezo cya Perezida wa Berezile, Lula da Silva, cyo guha ikaze umuyobozi wa Irani Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, yasubije ko ari “intambwe y’ubuhanga” kuko “uko Irani ikikijwe, niko bizagenda nabi ku isi yose”.

Mu kiganiro cyabereye mu imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ibitabo rya 28 rya Guadalajara muri Mexico ku ya 7 Ukuboza 2014, Mujica yabajijwe n’umunyamakuru wa Mexico, Ricardo Rocha [es]. Yaganiriye ku ngingo nyinshi nko gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, kwemeza ibiyobyabwenge, ubukene n’akarengane mu mibereho: “Turi ku mugabane w’akarengane ku isi, birashoboka ko ari abakire cyane, ariko hamwe no gukwirakwiza nabi [ubutunzi].” Muri Amerika y’Epfo, Mujica yavuze ko “ashishikajwe no guhuriza hamwe Abanyamerika y’Epfo, ku cyadusobanurira ko turi mu gihugu gikomeye kigomba gushingwa. Hariho ibihugu byinshi, nk’Ubushinwa, nk’Ubuhinde, nk’ibyo Uburayi bukora nyuma y’amateka y’intambara.” Mujica yanavuze ku kibazo cy’umurage w’indimi uhuriweho n’abanyamerika y’Epfo, agira ati: Yagaragaje ikindi kintu gihuza ibihugu byo muri Amerika y’Epfo: “Dufite indi ndangamuntu: imigenzo ya gikristo na gatolika.” Yashoje ikiganiro cye yongeraho ati: “Ndabona ko hano hari urubyiruko rwinshi; nkumusaza, inama nkeya: Ubuzima bushobora kudushiraho imitego myinshi, ibisasu byinshi, dushobora kunanirwa inshuro igihumbi, mubuzima, murukundo, murugamba rwimibereho, ariko, nitubishakisha, tuzagira imbaraga zo kongera kubyuka no gutangira. Ikintu cyiza cyane cyumunsi ni uko bucya. abatsinzwe ni bo bahagarika imirwano.
Mujica amaze kuva muri perezidansi, yanenze ubutegetsi bw’ibumoso bwa Daniel Ortega muri Nikaragwa na Nicolás Maduro muri Venezuwela kubera igitugu mu gihe yarwanyaga kwivanga kw’amahanga mu kibazo cya Venezuela. Yamaganye kandi abahoze ari abaperezida Cristina Fernández de Kirchner muri Arijantine na Evo Morales muri Boliviya kubera ibikorwa byabo bya politiki nyuma yo kuva ku butegetsi, agira ati: “Mbega ukuntu bigoye kureka ako gatsima!”. Yavuze kandi ko itorwa rya Javier Milei nka perezida wa Arijantine ari “umusazi” kandi agereranya no kuzamuka kwa Adolf Hitler ku butegetsi mu 1930 mu Budage ndetse na hyperinflation yabanjirije iyi. Yavuze kandi kuri Vladimir Putin anavuga ko Uburusiya bwateraga Ukraine bwashoboraga kwirindwa.

Mujika hamwe na Vladmir Putin mu mwaka wa 2014

Ubuzima bwite

Mujica n’umugore we, Lucía Topolansky, mu 2023

Mu 2005, Mujica yashakanye na Lucía Topolansky, mugenzi we wahoze ari umunyamuryango wa Tupamaros, nyuma yimyaka myinshi babana. Nta mwana bari bafite kandi babaga mu isambu yari ifitwe na Topolansky mu nkengero za Montevideo, aho bahingaga chrysanthemumu yo kugurisha. Abashakanye bari batunze amatungo menshi, ahahoze harimo n’imbwa y’amaguru atatu, Manuela. Topolansky muri make yabaye perezida w’agateganyo mu Gushyingo 2010 mu gihe umugabo we yitabiriye intumwa z’ubucuruzi muri Espagne naho visi perezida icyo gihe Danilo Astori yari mu rugendo rwemewe muri Antarctica. Mbere yaho, yakoraga mu mutwe w’abadepite na Sena.

Mujica ngo yakunzwe isi yose kubera imibereho ye yoroshye. Yanze gutura mu ngoro ya perezida cyangwa gukoresha abakozi bayo ku butegetsi bwe maze akoresha Beetle ya Volkswagen yo mu 1987 hamwe n’amagare ye y’imyaka 60 mu rwego rwo gutwara abantu. Mu mwaka wa 2010, agaciro k’imodoka kari US $ 1.800 kandi kagereranya byuzuye imenyekanisha ry’umutungo bwite wa buri mwaka ryatanzwe na Mujica muri uwo mwaka. Mu Gushyingo 2014, ikinyamakuru Búsqueda cyo muri Uruguay cyatangaje ko yahawe imodoka y’Abanyamerika 1.000.000; yavuze ko aramutse yakiriye US $ 1.000.000 by’imodoka, yari gutangwa mu gucumbikira abadafite aho baba binyuze muri gahunda yari ashyigikiye.

Imyemerere ishingiye ku idini ya Mujica yashishikazwaga n’ibinyamakuru. Mu kiganiro yagiranye na BBC mu Gushyingo 2012, yagize ati: “Nta dini mfite, ariko ndi hafi ya pantheiste; Nishimiye ibidukikije.” Mu ibaruwa yoherereje Hugo Chávez mu Kuboza 2012 amwifuriza gukira vuba, yasobanuye ko nubwo “atari umwizera”, azahamagarira misa kugira ngo abashaka kwerekana ibyifuzo byabo ku buzima bwe babikore. Mujica na Topolansky bombi ntibari bahari mu irahira rya Papa Fransisiko mu 2013. Topolansky yasobanuye ko kutitabira uwo muhango ari ukubera ko “atari abizera”. Astori, wari Umugatolika, yitabiriye umuhango mu izina ryabo. Aya magambo yatumye abanyamakuru batekereza muri rusange Mujica umwe mu ba perezida babiri bonyine batemera ko Imana ibaho muri Amerika, hamwe na Raúl Castro wo muri Cuba. Mu kiganiro cyo mu 2017, Mujica yaganiriye ku myizerere ye: “Gushidikanya kwanjye ku Mana ni filozofiya, cyangwa birashoboka ko nizera Imana. Birashoboka, simbizi. Nyuma yaje kuvuga cyane kuri Kiliziya Gatolika, yemera ko “yashinze imizi” mu mico y’Abanyamerika y’Epfo.

Mujica yari umukunzi w’umupira w’amaguru w’ishyirahamwe kandi yari ashyigikiye ikipe ye ya Club Atlético Cerro. Ubwo ikipe y’umupira wamaguru ya Uruguay yagarukaga mu gikombe cy’isi cy’umwaka wa 2014 ku kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Carrasco, hanyuma FIFA ihagarika Luis Suárez wa Uruguay mu bikorwa byose by’umupira w’amaguru amezi ane nyuma yo kuruma myugariro w’Ubutaliyani Giorgio Chiellini, Mujica yanenze uyu muryango, abita “abahungu b’ibisimba” bahuye n’ubuvuzi bwa “fashiste”. Mujica abonye ko arimo gufatwa amashusho, yipfuka umunwa. Abanyamakuru babajije niba bashobora gutangaza amagambo ye, asubiza aseka “yego”

Mujica yambikwa umudari ” Order of the Aztec Eagle” na Perezida Enrique Peña Nieto wa Mexico mu 2014

Indwara n’urupfu

Muri Mata 2024, Mujica yatangaje ko bamusanganye kanseri ya Esophageal, yabonetse mu gihe cyo kwisuzumisha ku mubiri, yongeraho ko ingaruka z’ubuzima bwe zongerewe n’indwara ya autoimmune yabanje kubaho. N’ubwo yari arwaye, Mujica yagaragaye mu kwiyamamaza kwa Perezida wa Yamandú Orsi wa Broad Front mu matora rusange yo mu 2024; Mujica yaje kuvuga ko intsinzi ya Orsi ari “impano yo gusezera”.

Muri Mutarama 2025, Mujica yabwiye Búsqueda ko kanseri yakwirakwiriye mu mwijima kandi ko arimo gupfa, yongeraho ko yahisemo kureka kuvurwa. Ku ya 12 Gicurasi, Topolansky yavuze ko Mujica “yari arwaye indwara idakira” kandi ko yashyizwe mu bitaro. Mujica yapfuye bukeye bwaho, ku ya 13 Gicurasi 2025, icyumweru kibanziriza imyaka 90 avutse, mu nzu ye i Rincón del Cerro, mu nkengero za Montevideo; urupfu rwe rwatangajwe na Orsi. Guverinoma ya Uruguay yatangaje iminsi itatu y’icyunamo mu gihugu ndetse n’ishyingurwa rye na Leta ryabaye kuva ku ya 14 kugeza ku ya 15 Gicurasi kuri Montevideo, ahari Orsi, Topolansky, Lula da Silva, na Gabriel Boric, n’abandi; byagereranijwe ko abantu 100.000 bitabiriye umuhango wo kumushyingura. Ibisigazwa bya Mujica byatwitswe ku ya 16 Gicurasi nyuma biza gushyingurwa mu nzu ye.

Lula da Silva na Yamandú Orsi berekana ko bubaha isanduku ya Mujica, Gicurasi 2025