Uganda :Operation Entebbe-Idi Amin yihimuriye ku mukecuru w’Umunya-Israel

Mu kinyejana gishize, ingabo za Israel [Israel Defense Forces – IDF] zagabye igitero cy’amateka muri Uganda ku ngoma ya Idi Amin Dada mu rwego rwo kubohora abantu barenga 100 bari bigaruriwe n’ibyihebe by’abanya-palestine bifatanyije n’ibyo mu Budage. Mu minota 90 gusa, ingabo za Israel zabashije kugera ku ntego mu buryo butangaje ndetse bwakinwemo filime benshi mu bayirebye ntibiyumvisha ukuntu ari inkuru mpamo !

Ku Cyumweru tariki 27 Kamena 1976 wari umunsi w’agasusuruko, akazuba karashe mu kirere cya Tel Aviv mu murwa mukuru wa Israel ubwo indege ya Air France yo mu bwoko bwa Airbus A300B4-203 yahagurukaga muri uwo mujyi yerekeza i Athens mu Bugeriki aho yagombaga gufata abandi bagenzi, ubundi igakomeza yerekeza i Paris mu Bufaransa. Mu bagenzi 248 bari bayirimo, 94 bari abanya-Israel.

Mu bagenzi binjiriye i Athens harimo ibyihebe bine, bibiri byo mu mutwe wiyitaga uwa rubanda uharanira kubohora Palestine ariko warwaniraga hanze y’igihugu (PFLP-EO), ibindi bibiri byari Abadage Wilfried Böse na Brigitte Kuhlmann, bo mu mutwe w’iterabwoba German Revolutionary Cells.

Urwo rugendo rwaje kuzamo agatotsi ndetse ibintu bihinduka induru n’ubwoba bwinshi ubwo ibyo byihebe bine byari muri iyo ndege byayiyobyaga, aho kugana i Paris nk’uko byari biteganyijwe biyiganisha i Benghazi muri Libya icyo gihe yari iyobowe na Muammar Gaddafi.

Iyo ndege yahamaze amasaha arindwi ndetse iza no kongerwamo amavuta kuko yari yamaze amasaha atari macye mu kirere bitateganyijwe. Aho i Benghazi ibyo byihebe byarekuye umunya-Israel wavukiye mu Bwongereza, Patricia Martell byatekerezaga ko ashobora kugira ibibazo bitewe no gutwita.

Saa 3:15 z’amanywa ku munsi wakurikiyeho iriya ndege yahagurutse iBenghazi yerekeza Entebbe muri Uganda, aho basanze Idi Amin Dada wari Perezida w’iki gihugu yabategereje n’ubwuzu bitewe n’ukuntu yari atewe ishema n’igikorwa bari bakoze.

Iyi ndege igisesekara ku kibuga cy’indege, abayiyobeje bane biyunze n’abandi bane bari mu ngabo za Perezida Amin, bahita bakusanyiriza abafashwe bugwate bose mu nyubako yo ku kibuga itarakoreshwaga, batandukanya Abayahudi bakomoka muri Israel n’abo mu bindi bihugu babashyira mu byumba binyuranye

Impamvu nyamukuru zatumye iyi ndege iyobywa

Ibi byihebe bikigera muri Uganda byahise bisaba ko byahabwa miliyoni eshanu z’amadolari kugira ngo birekure indege, ndetse byongeraho ko Israel igomba kurekura imfungwa 53 z’Abanya-Palestine zarimo n’ingabo 40 zari zifungiye muri Israel ndetse n’abandi bantu 13 bari bafungiye mu bindi bihugu, barahirira ko nibidakorwa bazatangira kwica abo bafashe bugwate kuwa 1 Nyakanga 1976.

Mu minsi ibiri yakurikiyeho, abafashwe bugwate 148 batari Abanya-Israel bararekuwe bakomeza kwerekeza i Paris, naho 94 b’Abanya-Israel, n’abandi 12 bari mu itsinda ry’abakozi ba Air France, bagumye aho ndetse babwirwa ko bazicwa bidatinze mu gihe ibyifuzo byabo bitakubahirizwa.

Kuwa 1 Nyakanga Guverinoma ya Israel yahise itangaza ko yemeye kugirana n’ibyo byihebe ibiganiro, gusa ntibyabibuza kwemeza ko tariki ya 4 Nyakanga bizica abo 106 byari byigaruriye.

Idi Amin yashyigikiye iki cyemezo kuko yashoboraga kugira urugendo rw’akazi i Port Louis muri Mauritius mu muhango wo guhererekanya ubuyobozi bw’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Afurika [OUA] na Seewoosagur Ramgoolam wari ugiye kumusimbura kuri uwo mwanya. Amin yifuzaga ko kwica izo mbohe byaba ahibereye.

Israel yakoresheje andi mayeri mbere yo kwiyambaza ingufu

Icyumweru mbere y’igitero, Israel yagerageje uburyo bw’ibiganiro kugirango harekurwe abafashwe bugwate. Hari n’andi makuru avuga ko Guverinoma ya Israel yateguraga kurekura imfungwa z’Abanya-Palestine mu gihe bari gusanga inzira yo gukoresha ingufu za gisirikare itari gukunda.

Umusirikare mukuru wo mu ngabo za Israel, Baruch “Burka” Bar-Lev, wari uziranye bya hafi na Idi Amin, yasabwe na Guverinoma ye kumuvugisha amuhendahenda kugirango abafashwe bugwate bafungurwe, agerageza kumuhamagara kuri telefoni inshuro nyinshi ariko biba ay’ubusa kuko byasaga no gucurangira abahetsi.

Byageze n’aho guverinoma ya Israel yegera Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika isaba abayobozi bazo kuvugana na Perezida wa Misiri w’icyo gihe, Anwar Sadat, zikamusaba ko yakwinginga Idi Amin akarekura abafashwe bugwate, nabyo ntibyagira icyo bitanga.

Impapuro zagaragajwe kuri iki gitero zerekana ko Guverinoma ya Misiri yagerageje kuganira na Guverinoma ya Uganda ndetse n’Umuyobozi wa Palestine w’icyo gihe,Yasser Arafat waje no kohereza intumwa ye muri Uganda ariko biriya byihebe byanga kubonana nawe.

Urwego rw’ubutasi bwa Israel (Mossad ) rwagize uruhare rukomeye mu gutegura igitero

Urwego rwa Israel rushinzwe ubutasi Mossad ruri mu zikora aka kazi ziza ku isonga ku isi kandi kuva mu myaka yo hambere. Ubwo ibiganiro byasaga n’ibinaniranye, hakurikiyeho imyiteguro yo gukoresha ingufu za gisirikare ariko hanirindwa ko hameneka amaraso. Mossad yatanze amakuru agaragaza neza aho abafashwe bugwate bari baherereye, umubare w’abayobeje indege ndetse n’amakuru y’ibanze ku ngabo za Uganda zari zifatanyije nabo.

Uko ikibuga cy’indege cya Entebbe cyari giteye muri icyo gihe

Ingabo za Israel zanifashishije amakuru yatanzwe na Solel Boneh, ikigo cy’ubwubatsi cyari cyarubatse inyubako yari ifungiyemo abafashwe, hagamijwe gusobanukirwa neza imiterere y’ikibuga cy’indege cya Entebbe mbere yo kuhagaba igitero.

Tariki ya 4 Nyakanga umunsi w’umuriro

Ingabo za Israel zigera ku ijana zari ziyobowe na Lt. Col. Yonatan Netanyahu uvukana na Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Israel Benjamin Netanyahu zasesekaye ku kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Jomo Kenyatta i Nairobi muri Kenya ziturutse mu birometero 4000 zitwawe n’indege ebyiri nini zo mu bwoko bwa Boeing zarimo n’ibikoresho, imiti n’ibindi.

Tariki ya 3 Nyakanga, ahagana saa tanu z’ijoro, Ingabo za Israel zageze ku kibuga cya Entebbe ziyoberanyije kuko imodoka y’umukara ya Mercedes yaje igaragiye izindi mu zo barimo yasaga neza n’iyatwaraga Idi Amin, kimwe n’izindi barimo za Land Rover zasaga neza neza n’izakundaga kumuherekeza.

Abakomando ba Isiraheli hamwe na Mercedes-Benz 600 isa n’iyari iy’umunyagitugu wa Uganda Idi Amin, yakoreshejwe na Sayeret Matkal mu gushuka ingabo za Uganda mu gitero

Abanya-Israel bizeraga ko kuzigendamo byagombaga gutuma baca ku burinzi bw’abasirikare ba Uganda ntawe ubahagaritse. Niko babigenje batwarwa mu modoka bisa neza n’uko byagendaga kuri Idi Amin.

Mu kwegera inyubako zo ku kibuga cy’indege kw’abasirikare ba Israel, abarinzi babiri bo mu ngabo za Uganda bagize amakenga nyuma yo kubona ko izo modoka zari zigaragiwe na Mercedes Benz y’umukara kandi muri iyo minsi Idi Amin yari yaraguze Mercedes Benz y’umweru, bituma bazihagarika.

Abo bakomando bahise barasa abo barinzi bakoresheje imbunda nto zidasakuza ariko ntibabica, icyakora umwe mu bakomando ba Israel wari muri Land Rover zari inyuma yaje kubica akoresheje imbunda yatumye ibyihebe byikanga ko hari igitero kibagabweho kandi kije cyegera inyubako yarimo abo bafashe bugwate.

Abanya-Israel bavuye mu modoka bafungura berekeza muri iyo nyubako, abafashwe bugwate bari mu cyumba kinini cy’inyubako yo ku kibuga cy’indege batangira kwiruka bahunga.

Abakomando ba Israel bahise bavugira cyane mu ndangururamajwi bagira bati “muryame hasi, muryame hasi, turi abasirikare ba Israel”, bakabivuga mu Cyongereza no mu Kiyahudi.

Umusore w’imyaka 19 w’Umufaransa wari impunzi muri Israel, Jean-Jacques Maimoni, yashushe n’uhaguruka ahita yicwa ubwo umusirikare wa Israel Muki Betzer na mugenzi we bamwitiranyaga n’uwayobeje indege akabihishamo, kimwe n’undi witwa Ida Borochovitch, Umurusiya w’Umuyahudi wishwe n’urufaya rw’amasasu, mu gihe Pasco Cohen, w’imyaka 52 nawe wari mu bari bagizwe ingwate yakomerekejwe n’isasu ry’abo bakomando.

Indege y’intambara,C-130 Hercules,[yafotowe iri i Entebbe] ni imwe mu zakoreshejwe muri iki gitero

Umwe mu bari bafashwe, Ilan Hartuv, avuga ko Wilfried Böse ariwe wenyine mu bashimuse indege wabashije kwinjira mu cyumba cyabagamo abafashwe bugwate, ariko nawe agahita yicwa.

Muri uwo mwanya ubwo amasasu yarimo avuza ubuhuha, Ingabo za Israel zavugaga mu Giheburayo zibaza aho ibindi byihebe byari, basanga byifungiraniye mu cyumba kinini, abakomando ba Israel bajugunyamo gerenade nyuma binjiramo barasa ibyihebe bitatu byari bisigaye, igitero kirangira gutyo.

Abakomando ba Israel bahise batwika indege z’intambara za Uganda zari ziparitse ku kibuga cya Entebbe birinda ko zabakurikira. Nyuma y’igitero, Abanya-Israel basubiye mu ndege zabo batangira kuzuriza abari bafashwe bugwate, ariko abasirikare ba Uganda bakomeza kubamishaho amasasu, nabo bakabasubiza bakoresheje intwaro zabo zo mu bwoko bwa AK47, hakomerekera nyinshi mu ngabo za Uganda.

Muri iyo mirwano yamaze iminota iri munsi ya 30, abakomando batanu ba Israel barakomeretse ndetse uwari ubayoboye, Yonatan Netanyahu aricwa.

Igitero cyose cyamaze iminota 90, kubohora abantu byatwaye 30 gusa. Ibyihebe byose byarishwe ndetse n’abasirikare ba Uganda bari hagati ya 33 na 45 baricwa. Hanatwitswe kandi indege za gisirikare za Uganda z’intambara zo mu bwoko bwa MiG 17 na MiG 21 zigera kuri 11.

Abari bafashwe bugwate bagera ku 102 basubijwe muri Israel banyuze i Nairobi muri Kenya.

Idi Amin yihimuriye ku mukecuru w’Umunya-Israel

Dora Bloch w’imyaka 75 ni Umunya-Israel wari ufite n’ubwenegihugu bw’u Bwongereza waje gufatwa n’uburwayi kubera ibiryo yariye bakimara kugezwa Entebbe, nyuma ibyihebe biramurekura ajyanwa mu bitaro bya Mulago i Kampala.

Ubwo ingabo za Israel zatabaraga abandi, we yari mu bitaro aho yarimo ahabwa ubuvuzi. Nyuma y’uko ingabo za Uganda zinaniwe gukoma mu nkokora ingabo za Israel, byarakaje bikomeye Idi Amin wahise utanga amabwiriza ku basirikare yo kunyuza mu ryoya Dora Bloch, ntibazuyaza baramuhitana.

Abavandimwe baha icyubahiro Dora Bloch w’imyaka 75, nyuma yo kwicwa n’abayobozi b’ingabo za Uganda.

Uretse uwo mukecuru, nyuma y’igitero Idi Amin yatanze itegeko ryo kwirara mu magana y’Abanyakenya babaga muri Uganda bakabihimuraho ndetse harimo no kubica. Ibi byatewe n’uko hari amakuruyemezaga ko Kenya yafashije Israel muri kiriya gitero.

Operation Entebbe mu mvugo ya gisirikare izwi nka Operation Thunderbolt, rimwe na rimwe yitirirwa Jonatan Netanyahu ‘Operation Jonathan’ wari uyoboye abayikoze mu rwego rwo kumwibuka.

Yonatan Netanyahu ni umuvandimwe mukuru wa Benjamin Netanyahu, Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Israel , ndetse ku wa 4 Nyakanga 2016 yari muri Uganda mu rwego rwo kwibuka “Operation Thunderbolt” ku nshuro ya 40.

Minisitiri w’ingabo muri Isiraheli, Shimon Peres (ibumoso) na Majoro Dan Shomron (uwa kabiri uhereye ibumoso) hamwe n’abaparakomando bo muri Isiraheli nyuma yo kurangiza Operation Entebbe muri Nyakanga 1976. (Ifoto ya Keystone / Hulton Archive / Amashusho ya Getty).

Byari ibyishimo by’indengakamere ubwo abayisiraheri bari bafashwe bugwate bongeraga guhura n’imiryango yabo

Aba ni bamwe mu basirikare ba Israel, nyuma yo kurangiza ubutumwa bwabo bamaze kurokora abari bafashwe bunyago bafashe ifoto k’urwibutso

Perezida Idi Amin [ibumoso] aterera isaruti abasirikare ba Uganda baguye muri icyo gitero